Examples are glargine (Lantus, Toujeo Solostar, Basaglar), detemir (Levemir) and degludec (Tresiba). This type of insulin may provide coverage for as long as 14 to 40 hours. Examples are insulin NPH (Novolin N, Humulin N). It reaches peak effect at 6 to 8 hours and lasts 12 to 24 hours. Also called NPH insulin, this type of insulin starts working in about 1 to 3 hours. Examples are glulisine (Apidra), lispro (Humalog, Admelog and Lyumjev) and aspart (Novolog and FiAsp). This type is often used 15 to 20 minutes before meals. It reaches peak effect at 60 minutes and lasts about 4 hours. This type of insulin starts working within 15 minutes. Examples are Humulin R, Novolin R and Afrezza. It reaches peak effect at 90 to 120 minutes and lasts about 4 to 6 hours. Sometimes called regular insulin, this type starts working around 30 minutes after injection. There are many types of insulin, including: Insulin and other medicationsĪnyone who has type 1 diabetes needs insulin therapy throughout their life. After-meal numbers should be no higher than 180 mg/dL (10 mmol/L) two hours after eating. Generally, the goal is to keep the daytime blood sugar levels before meals between 80 and 130 mg/dL (4.44 to 7.2 mmol/L). The goal is to keep the blood sugar level as close to normal as possible to delay or prevent complications. Exercising regularly and keeping a healthy weight.Counting carbohydrates, fats and protein.Your provider will also take your blood pressure and check the sites where you test your blood sugar and deliver insulin. They will use these samples to check cholesterol levels, as well as thyroid, liver and kidney function. Your provider will also take blood and urine samples. A high A1C level may mean you need to change the insulin amount, meal plan or both. The American Diabetes Association generally recommends that A1C levels be below 7%, or an average glucose level of about 154 mg/dL (8.5 mmol/L).Ī1C testing shows how well the diabetes treatment plan is working better than daily blood sugar tests. Your target A1C goal may vary depending on your age and various other factors. During these visits, the provider will check your A1C levels. You'll regularly visit your provider to talk about managing your diabetes. The presence of ketones - byproducts from the breakdown of fat - in your urine also suggests type 1 diabetes, rather than type 2. The tests help your provider decide between type 1 and type 2 diabetes when the diagnosis isn't certain. These will check for autoantibodies that are common in type 1 diabetes. If you're diagnosed with diabetes, your provider may also run blood tests. If it's 126 mg/dL (7 mmol/L) or higher on two separate tests, you have diabetes. A fasting blood sugar level from 100 to 125 mg/dL (5.6 to 6.9 mmol/L) is considered prediabetes. A fasting blood sugar level less than 100 mg/dL (5.6 mmol/L) is healthy. A blood sample will be taken after you don't eat (fast) overnight. No matter when you last ate, a random blood sugar level of 200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) or higher suggests diabetes. Blood sugar values are expressed in milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) or millimoles per liter (mmol/L). A blood sample will be taken at a random time and may be confirmed by additional tests. If the A1C test isn't available, or if you have certain conditions that can make the A1C test inaccurate - such as pregnancy or an uncommon form of hemoglobin (hemoglobin variant) - your provider may use these tests:
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